Chinese media on the relations between government and media Essay

Chinese media on the relations between government and media - Essay Example To start with, the story of Chinese media commercialization started in 1978 and formally broke the previous subsidized propaganda epoch for local media (Zhao 1998, p. 52). However, the real situation with economic reform did not change media dramatically and government saved its authoritarian mechanism of ruling national news making. Thus, current tension in the relations between Chinese government and society have a long-term story (Spence 2013, p. 700). In fact, Shirk (2011) supports this idea by providing evidence that CCP occupied all the media (including periodic, television, radio and later the Internet) within the country after 1979 (p. 1). Precisely, the fact that right after the reform (in 1979) there still existed 69 totally controlled by the government newspapers signalizes of rather remained propaganda than new type of journalism in the country. Even though certain magazines experienced commercialization in 1980s, they originated from â€Å"politically safe† areas, like fashion and computers . In practice, this tendency results in cases of silence on potentially scandalous stories about Communist Party members, as it happened with Li Zhen. In other words, the early period of commercialization concerned only the sphere of advertising as â€Å"the new lifeblood†. Thus, it is relevant to state that media reform happened without radical change of relations between the government and Chinese society. In this situation, further commercialization did not change the previous control of CCP over social diversity.

Cialis Case Study Marking Scheme Essay Example for Free

Cialis Case Study Marking Scheme Essay Question 1 (25 Marks Total): According to information provided in the case, identify 3 main ED market segments. Describe each segment’s characteristics, including opportunities and barriers for adoption. Focus on key ED segments essential for future marketing campaign, as opposed to all possible segments. If sufficient information is provided in the case, identify potential size of the segment. -Correctly identifying demographics/age as a segment (2 marks) -Discuss main each age sub-group 20-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60+ segments (2 marks) and main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption: ED as a normal part of aging vs. waiting for condition to go away (2 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Correctly identifying Viagra usage status as a segment (2 marks) -Estimating size of Current Viagra Users/Viagra Drop-outs/Never tried Viagra segments – (1 mark) -Describing main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption by each sub-group: focus on willingness to try Cialis dimensions (2 marks); possible reasons for dropping Viagra use (2 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Correctly identifying Benefit of Duration as a segment (2 marks) -Describing main barriers/opportunities to Cialis adoption by each sub-group of prior Viagra users drop-outs vs. current users and those who have not tried Viagra (4 marks); reasonably justified additional factors (up to 2 marks) -Partial marks awarded for ED market segments not mentioned above and a convincing argument/description for such segment’s importance (up to 6 marks) Question 2 (10 Marks Total) – Discuss evolution of the Viagra brand, how it is positioned on the market vs. public’s perception of the brand and resulting opportunities for Cialis -Discuss early endorsement by Bob Dole and positioning (ie ED is a serious disease, targeting older age segment) (3 marks), followed by Mark Martin and change in targeting/brand messaging (associating Viagra with success and excitement, targeting younger age group) (3 marks) -Discuss the image of Viagra in popular culture and opportunities for Cialis (ridiculing public images creating barriers for men to overcome; partner perceives that her husband’s desire is a result of taking the pill, not genuine desire) (4 marks). Question (3) (20 Marks Total): Describe Pro’s and Con’s of positioning Cialis (1) vertically based on duration of benefit and (2) horizontally based on attitudes toward sex. For this question, consider potential success with each market segment described in Question 1 and discuss differences in profiles of Cialis vs. Viagra. Consider whether each positioning increases demand in general or converts Viagra users. -Pro’s and con’s of Vertical positioning based on ’36 hours vs. 4’ hours. Should include the following: oConvenience/Spontaneity/Week-ends (1 Mark) oEconomics/Frequency (1 Mark) oPotential safety concerns (1 Mark) oNo interaction with high-fat meals (1 Mark) oOr other factors, justified (up to 2 Marks) oEffective use of information provided in the case, particularly in-depth interviews to justify position (2 Marks) oEffective analysis of appeal to each segment (3 Marks) oEffect on demand (1 Mark) -Pro’s and con’s of Horizontal Positioning based on attitude towards sex for Cialis vs. Viagra. Should include the following: oRomantic lifestyle (1 Mark) oExcitement/success (1 Mark) oMore natural sex dynamics for couples (1 Mark) oHero-enabler/Man is the hero vs. the pill being hero (1 Mark) oOr other factors, justified (up to 2 Marks) oEffective use of information provided in the case, particularly in-depth interviews to justify position (2 Marks) oEffective analysis of appeal to each segment (3 Marks) oEffect on demand (1 Mark) QUESTION 4 (35 Marks Total) – By answering each of the sub-questions 1 through 5, discuss how you would launch Cialis into the market, paying careful attention to the fact that incumbent may create certain barriers to overcome; consider benefits for Cialis market share vs. the entire category and fit with each market segment. 1)Briefly state your marketing strategy (horizontal vs. vertical); summarize your product positioning and launch strategy (5 Marks Total) 2)Describe your chosen product attributes in the context of your positioning (hint: describe only attributes you can control: color, packaging, name, etc) (5 Marks Total) 3)Describe your pricing strategy and provide annual per customer revenue estimate (13 Marks total) -Analysis pricing target and market segments (5 Marks) -Analysis for pricing above/below Viagra (5 Marks) oFactors that should be covered: ï‚ §Price image effects ï‚ §Economic benefit to patient ï‚ §Consumer willingness to pay ï‚ §Impact of coverage by Health Plans -Per Customer Revenue Estimate (3 Marks Total): oEstimate revenue based on patient pills per year and proposed price (2 Marks) taking into account dropouts (1 Mark) or other relevant factors (up to 1 Mark) 4)Describe primary aspects of your launch strategy with respect to Pull vs. Push marketing (7 Marks Total). -Analysis should include the following factors: oAnalysis of relevant physician behavior – urologists vs. generalists; doctors may refuse prescriptions and do not initiate treatment oAnalysis of relevant consumer behavior oRole of partners oProduct promotions, other means to encourage trying Cialis oSales force requirements oConsistency with each target market and positioning 5)Describe your Communication Strategy (5 Marks Total) oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Communication to each market segment ï‚ §Communicating to patients, partners, Viagra users, and physicians ï‚ §Which mediums should be deployed ï‚ §Who should be featured in adds, what age group(s), gender ï‚ §Event sponsorships and/or endorsements QUESTION 5 (10 Marks Total): Given your responses in Question 4 and by responding to sub-questions 1 and 2, discuss how Pfizer may respond to your Cialis positioning and how this may be addressed post product launch (7 marks); Discuss how Cialis could anticipate and respond to introduction of Levitra by GSK (3 marks). 1)Discuss how Pfizer may respond to Cialis positioning (7 marks) oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Most likely response(s) from Pfizer ï‚ §Viagra’s long presence in the market ï‚ §Promotions/discounts on Viagra ï‚ §Thoughtful argument how Cialis camp might respond oDiscuss how Cialis could anticipate and prepare introduction of Levitra by GSK (3 marks). oAnalysis should include the following factors: ï‚ §Levitra profile ï‚ §Most likely positioning by GSK ï‚ §Response, if any, by Cialis camp

The Cold War :: History, USSR, The Space Race

Imagine a world where everyone has nothing, this was the USSR during the Cold War. The Cold War was a 40 yearlong war between the USA and the USSR. The US and the USSR never had any direct contact, but what they did do was have "races". These "races† were the Nuclear Arms race and the Space race. The Nuclear Arms race was not so much an arms race as it was a defense race. This is because with both sides have nuclear bombs, both of them would have enough bomb power to retaliate (Hart 440) The Space Race was, as the name says, a race to see who could get up in space first. Amazingly nuclear arms helped fuel man to get up in space. The Cold War was a war between the USSR and the US. Even though they never fought directly there were many wars between democracy and communism. Most of the wars between 1950-1990 were part of the Cold War (BrianPOP). For example, the Korean War (1950-1953) and the Vietnam Conflict (1955-1975) are two well-known wars that happened because of communism. (Wikipedia). The Korean War was a war fought between North and South Korea. North Korea was Communist and Soviet backed, while South Korea was part of the UN (Dolan 9). Like the Korean War the Vietnam Conflict was a war fought between North and South Vietnam. Also like the Korean War the South was democratic while the north was communist (Wikipedia). Some of the wars fought between Communism and Democracy happened in a smaller scale. For example, in Germany 1938, the Soviet Union limited transport into the city of Berlin. Germany at this time was split into two sections, Democratic and Communism. The French, British, and America controlled the West, while Russia controlled the East (HowStuffWorks). The city of Berlin was divided between the two sections, East and West Berlin. In 1938, Stalin stopped transport into the city by putting up blockades, blocking all roads and railroads that led out of the city (Hart 438). Stalin was doing this to starve out the Allies so they would get out of the city. The Allies didn’t move, but what they did do was fly planes into the city of Berlin and dropped off food and supplies (Hart 438). Ten months later Stalin gave up on the blockade and took it down (Hart 438). During the Cold War, Berlin was hit again by the influences of Stalin.

A Night at the Opera

A Night at the Opera Analysis Paper A Night at the Opera is a 1935 American comedy film starring the Marx brothers. Groucho Marx, Chico Marx and Harpo Marx. The Marx brothers influence on comedy can still be seen in todays films. There is very few comedians that have ever had as long a lasting influence or been as well-known as they are. It is absolutely astonishing that after over seventy years, it still portrays the same amount of enjoyment and laughter in â€Å"modern† viewers as it did when the film was first distributed.The language of their comedy has not dulled over time, aspects of Marx brother humor can be found throughout sit-coms, movies, comedic acts and especially cartoons. I have been a huge fan of the show called I Love Lucy since I was about 7 years old, but I never knew that the Marx brothers had such an influence on the show and that they based a lot of there comedy scenes from the Marx brothers, and Harpo had actually starred in one of their episodes as well . In the film A Night at the Opera they have a singer names Ricardo Baroni, and in the set of I Love Lucy her husbans name is Ricky Ricardo.I feel as if since A Night at the Opera played such a big influence on their show that maybe they were trying to place that name in there as some type of contribute to them and their film. I also have seen many scenes in the cartoon Tom and Jerry that tie in together from the Marx brothers. This is just proof that from Groucho's wisecracking word play, Chico conning every person he can when he has the chance, to the way Harpo's doesn't speak and frankly comes off really dumb founded. There sense of humor is timeless and forever will be a true classic.

What Are the Van Allen Radiation Belts

The Van Allen radiation belts are two regions of radiation that encircle the Earth. They are named in honor of James Van Allen, the scientist who led the team that launched the first successful satellite that could detect radioactive particles in space. This was Explorer 1, which launched in 1958 and led to the discovery of the radiation belts. Location of the Radiation Belts There is a large outer belt that follows the magnetic field lines essentially from the north to south poles around the planet. This belt begins around 8,400 to 36,000 miles above the surface of the Earth. The inner belt does not extend as far north and south. It runs, on average, from 60 miles about the Earths surface to about 6,000 miles. The two belts expand and shrink. Sometimes the outer belt nearly disappears. Sometimes it swells so much that the two belts appear to merge to form one big radiation belt. What Is in the Radiation Belts? The composition of the radiation belts differs between the belts and also is affected by solar radiation. Both belts are filled with plasma or charged particles. The inner belt has a relatively stable composition. It contains mostly protons with a lesser amount of electrons and some charged atomic nuclei. The outer radiation belt varies in size and shape. It consists almost entirely of accelerated electrons. The Earths ionosphere swaps particles with this belt. It also obtains particles from the solar wind. What Causes The Radiation Belts? The radiation belts are a result of the Earths magnetic field. Any body with a sufficiently strong magnetic field can form radiation belts. The Sun has them. So do Jupiter and the Crab Nebula. The magnetic field traps particles, accelerating them and forming belts of radiation. Why Study the Van Allen Radiation Belts? The most practical reason to study the radiation belts is because understanding them can help protect people and spacecraft from geomagnetic storms. Studying the radiation belts will allow scientists to predict how solar storms will affect the planet and will allow advance warning in case electronics need to be shut down to protect them from radiation. This will also help engineers design satellites and other space craft with the right amount of radiation shielding for their location. From a research perspective, studying the Van Allen radiation belts provides the most convenient opportunity for scientists to study plasma. This is the material that makes up around 99% of the universe, yet the physical processes occurring in plasma are not well-understood.

White Lion Animal Facts

White lions are part of the general classification of lions, Panthera leon. They are not albinos; they lack the tawny coloration due to a rare condition that results in reduced pigmentation. Because of their majestic appearance, they have been revered as sacred beings by tribes in southern Africa, but have also been hunted to extinction in the wild. They are now being reintroduced in protected areas by the Global White Lion Protection Trust. Fast Facts Scientific Name: Panthera leoCommon Names: White lionOrder: CarnivoraBasic Animal Group: MammaliaSize: Up to 10 feet long and 4 feet high for males and up to 6 feet long and 3.6 feet for femalesWeight: Up to 530 pounds for males and up to 400 pounds for femalesLife Span: 18 yearsDiet: Small birds, reptiles, hoofed mammalsHabitat: Savannah, woodland, desertPopulation: 100s in captivity and 13 in the wildConservation Status: VulnerableFun Fact: White lions are symbols of leadership and pride to local communities in the Timbavati region. Description White lions have a rare recessive trait that causes their white skin coloration. Unlike albino animals that lack pigmentation, white lions’ rare gene produces lighter pigmentation. Whereas albinos have pink or red coloration to their eyes and noses, white lions have blue or gold eyes, black features on their noses, â€Å"eye-liner,† and dark patches behind their ears. Male white lions may have white, blonde, or pale hair in their manes and on the ends of their tails. The white lion is a result of a genetic condition is known as leucism, a rarity where a recessive mutation in the gene causes the lion’s coat to vary from near-white to blonde. Boy_Anupong / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution The natural habitat of a white lion includes savannas, woodlands, and desert areas. They are indigenous to the Greater Timbavati region in southern Africa and are currently protected at the Central Kruger Park in South Africa. After being hunted to extinction in the wild, white lions were reintroduced in 2004. With the ban on trophy hunting in the Timbavati region and surrounding nature preserves, the first white cubs were born in the area in 2006. Kruger Park had its first occurrence of white lion cub births in 2014. Diet and Behavior White lions are carnivores, and they eat a variety of herbivorous animals. They hunt gazelles, zebras, buffaloes, wild hares, tortoises, and wildebeests. They have sharp teeth and claws that allow them to attack and kill their prey. They hunt by stalking their prey in packs, patiently waiting for the right time to strike. Lions typically kill their prey by strangulation and the pack consumes the carcass at the site of the kill. Reproduction and Offspring This is a two week old white lion cub. Tambako the Jaguar / Moment / Getty Images Like tawny lions, white lions reach sexual maturity between ages three and four. Most white lions are bred and born in captivity, usually in zoos. Those in captivity may mate on a yearly basis, while those in the wild mate about every two years. Lion cubs are born blind and rely on their mother for the first two years of life. A lioness usually gives birth to two to four cubs in a litter. In order for there to be a chance that some of the offspring will be white lions, the parents either need to be white lions or carry the rare white lion gene. Since the animal must bear two recessive alleles to exhibit the trait, there are three scenarios in which a white lion cub might be born. If both parents are tawny and carry the gene, there is a 25% chance the offspring will be a white cub; if one parent is a white lion and the other is tawny with the gene, there is a 50% chance the offspring will be a white cub; and if both parents are white lions, there is a 100% chance the offspring will be a white cub. Threats The biggest threat to white lions is uncontrolled trading and hunting of lions. Trophy hunting of dominant males of prides has reduced the gene pool, making white lion occurrences much more rare. Additionally, programs that wish to breed white lions for profit modify their genes. In 2006, two cubs were born in the Umbabat Nature Reserve and two more were born in the Timbavati Reserve. None of the cubs, including the tawny ones, survived due to the killing of the dominant male lions of both prides for trophies. Since 2008, 11 white lion cubs have been spotted in and around the reserves of Timbavati and Umbabat. Genetics   John McKeen / Moment / Getty Images White lions are leucistic, which means they have a rare gene that causes them to have less melanin and other pigments than non-leucistic animals. Melanin is a dark pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and eyes. In leucism, there is a total or partial lack of pigment producing cells known as melanocytes. The rare recessive gene responsible for leucism is a color inhibitor that causes the lion to lack darker pigmentation in some areas, but retain pigmentation in the eyes, nose, and ears. Due to their light skin, some have suggested that white lions are at a genetic disadvantage when compared to their tawny counterparts. Many people have argued that white lions are unable to camouflage themselves and hide from predators and marauding male lions in the wild. In 2012, PBS released a series called White Lions, which followed the survival of two female white lion cubs and the struggles they experienced. This series, as well as a 10-year scientific study on the topic, demonstrated just the opposite. In their natural habitat, white lions were able to camouflage themselves and were just as much of an apex predator as wild tawny lions. Cultural and Social Significance In countries like Kenya and Botswana, white lions are symbols of leadership, pride, and royalty, and are viewed as national assets. They are considered sacred to the local Sepedi and Tsonga communities of the Greater Timbavati region. Conservation Status Colin Langford / Getty Images Since white lions are included in the general classification for lions (Panthera leo), they are designated as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In 2015, the conservation authority in South Africa proposed to down-list the conservation status of all lions to Least Concern. Doing so would put white lions at serious risk of becoming extinct in the wild once again. The Global White Lion Protection Trust is currently pushing for the classification to be moved to Endangered. Sources Bittel, Jason. Rare White Lion Cub Seen In South Africa. National Geographic, 2018, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/03/white-lion-cub-born-wild-south-africa-kruger-leucistic/.Global White Lion Protection Trust Briefing. Parliamentary Monitoring Group, 2008, https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/8816/.Key White Lion Facts. Global White Lion Protection Trust, https://whitelions.org/white-lion/key-facts-about-the-white-lion/.Lion. IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, 2014, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15951/115130419#taxonomy.Mayer, Melissa. â€Å"Life Cycle of the Lion.† Sciencing, 2 Mar. 2019, https://sciencing.com/life-cycle-lion-5166161.html. PBS. White Lions. 2012, https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/white-lions-introduction/7663/.Tucker, Linda. On White Lion Conservation, Culture, And Heritage. Parliamentary Monitoring Group, 2008, pp. 3-6, http://pmg-assets.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/docs/080220linda.pdf.Turner, Jason. White Lions - All The Facts And Questions Answered. Global White Lion Protection Trust, 2015, https://whitelions.org/white-lion/faqs/. Accessed 6 Aug 2019.

My Job Shadow At West Liberty Middle School - 1606 Words

I had my job shadow at West Liberty Middle School and I chose this school because I have been there previously. I spent the whole day at this school and learned a lot throughout the day. I am a family friend with the teacher who teaches seventh and eight grade English. Although I do not plan to teach middle school I still enjoy and learn a lot going to this school, because there’s a very diverse group of students from my different backgrounds. I feel like shadowing this school is much more realistic to the difficulties I may encounter as a teacher, therefore I benefit from shadowing this teacher and school. There were many take-a-ways that I encountered through this shadow. There were many students that had learning disabilities and even students that English is their second language. I was able to watch how these students learned through a teacher helper. This stood out to me because in most schools when a student doesn’t know English or is struggling with a certain to pic of area they learn the material in a different classroom rather than in the normal classroom. I thought that this was very interested how they implemented this into the classroom setting. There was an interpreter in the classroom and there were six students that could not speak English. They sat in a group while the teacher continued as normal and the interpreter would translate. I thought that this school in particular does a very good job at including and teaching for students that need extra help orShow MoreRelatedWhen Mr Pirzada Came to Dine6518 Words   |  27 Pageswas Mr. Pirzada, and he came from Dacca, now the capital of Bangladesh, but then a part of Pakistan. That year Pakistan was engaged in civil war. The eastern frontier, where Dacca was located, was fighting for autonomy from the ruling regime in the west. 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