How Far Did Henry VIII’s Reign Go in Beginning a New Era in Tudor Kingship

How far did Henry VIII’s reign begin a new era in Tudor kingship? Henry the eighth and Henry the seventh were very different in many ways, their style of ruling and aims clearly had different intentions. Henry the seventh ruled quite safely and avoided war as much as possible whilst being extremely greedy and obsessive with money. Where as Henry the eighth was young and wanted to bring back the glory days and gain a strong reputation, willing to fight and go to war at all costs, whilst being ruthless in punishments. From the beginning of Henry the eighths reign changes began to take place and perhaps a whole new era.Some aspects did stay the same from Henry the sevenths rule though. One obvious continuity was that the Tudor bloodline had been passed along, keeping the same family ruling England. Which eliminated quite a lot of threat from keen opposition. Henry the eighth was young and healthy which was a promising thought at the time for the public. The position of men and wo men didn’t change either, women still had barely any rights and could night speak their thoughts or argue with men’s views. They were expected to do feminine activities and produce children who were possible heirs to the throne.As Henry the eighth needed to produce at least one heir, he decided to marry Catherine of Aragon, (a Spanish princess) after many years of weighing out other options. He used Catherine just like his father did to stabilise and secure a sturdy relationship with Spain and improving foreign relations. Another factor that was kept the same were the bonds and recognisances between the crown and the nobility, which threatened a fine to the aristocracy if they weren’t to remain loyal to the king and break his trust. These were very unpopular with the nobility, but controlled factions being formed, eliminating threat yet again.A common characteristic with both Henry the eighth and seventh was their irrational behaviour with money as they didnâ₠¬â„¢t control or use it very wisely. Henry the seventh splashed out on parties and extravagant entertainment, to uphold a wealthy reputation. When his son wanted to spend it on war and battles to gain back a strong and glorious reputation, when it wasn’t affordable. Although some aspects stayed similar or the same, the majority of the transition was consistent of change. Henry the eighth was young and feisty, seen as a fresh and slightly ulnerable new face to the thrown bringing out excitement from the public. His attitude was the opposite of Henry the sevenths, he wanted to bring back the glory days and looked up to role models such as, King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, to gain back a strong reputation. Unlike his father, Henry became very ruthless and wasn’t afraid to sentence punishments and showed little mercy to those who betrayed his trust. One example of this was the execution of two of his father’s closest advisers, Richard Empson and Edmun d Dudley.They were arrested on fictitious charges of treason, even though little evidence existed. Henry wanted to show he wasn’t taking any prisoners and so he executed them a year later. They were involved in enforcing the bonds and recognisances so Henry soon became very popular with the nobility, as he’d killed two of the people they hated the most. Whilst also maybe giving them the impression that he is more persuadable and naive as he is so young. Henry began changing his advises and councillors to men he could relate to better, like Thomas Wolsey, a very colourful character of the Tudor court and a trusting adviser to Henry.Henry began to rely on his advisers more to do the paperwork side of things and allowed them more independence. Whilst he was extremely active, unlike his father, and participated in sports of all kinds. Some say he was slightly more manipulated and persuaded in his younger years by his advisers compared to his father. One example may be when he was convinced to sign a peace treaty in 1510 with Louis XIII (king of France), by William Warham and Richard Fox. Their reasons were that war or an invasion on France would be too expensive and fruitless, despite Henrys wishes he signed the treaty anyway.Despite this it wasn’t long before plans were made for an invasion; Henry was actively seeking war and action so he was to be viewed as a strong king and willing to fight for his country. Very much unlike his Father who was cautious and avoided war as much as possible. Henry also broke from the church in Rome, against his father’s views and beliefs. Over all I think the transition from Henry the seventh to Henry the eighth was mostly a new era. Although there were elements of persistence and continuity, the majority of Henry the eighths reign was consistence of change and he carried out a completely different attitude to what his father did.Henry the Seventh was greedy with his money, he wanted to be safe and cauti ous, avoiding war and confrontation as much as he could, whilst dealing mostly with paperwork. He was ruthless when absolutely necessary but never exceeded in gaining a strict reputation. He was very unpopular with the public and I believe they were ready for someone feisty and fresh to take over the thrown like Henry the eighth. Who was not at all wanting to hold back from war or confrontation, he constantly looked for opportunities to fight and to bring back ‘the glory days’.Not particularly interesting in doing any paperwork until his later years as he actively participated in sports in his youth. He was ruthless and showed no mercy when coming to deciding people’s fait and punishment. He was also much more popular than his father at the beginning oh his years and his reputation was of a handsome young man, who was quite impressionable. This clearly shows the extent as to how different both Father and son’s attitudes and style to kingship were and how t he new era began to evolve. Aimee Fenton-Fearn

Cost benefit analysis report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cost benefit analysis report - Coursework Example By free wifi services, it means that the public should be in a position to access internet service while travelling. Since a great percent of the nation is learned, the government should come up with measures to help them access internet services. This will act in a way to improve knowledge in various market centers for those in business, schools or those planning to do business. The main situation on ground, is that majority of people in the country begin their days early to work and use public service vehicles. Many are usually bored because they all meet as strangers and find it difficult to start a conversation so as to break monotony and end up silent till they alight from the vehicles. The introduction of wifi will make passengers enjoy their commutation to work. Most people who use internet services are in business or in school. They need to discover new ways of increasing productivity and try beating the upcoming competition especially for those in business. Free wifi will allow most people after closing their businesses at the end of the day, be able to get new tips of improving their productivity on their way home. Cost benefit refers to, a systematic analysis that shows an approach in estimating the strengths and weaknesses of alternatives that make transactions, activities or functional requirements for business be considered to be of quality. Thus, David, Ngulube and Dude (2013), go ahead to explain that the technique is used to determine options that give the best approach for a business to be adopted and practiced. The benefits are looked in terms of lab our, time and saving costs. It will be practical to the free wifi that we are advocating for. In terms of time saving, the business persons will be able to get new tips on ways to improve attraction from customers without having to visit cyber cafes or areas where internet is available during their off days. It will be

304 Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

304 Final - Essay Example Over and above standards, the Lake Havasu Fire Department excels in most areas of testing for career advancement and in areas of personnel development. Steve suggested that recruitment begins with job postings on well-known job search websites, through word-of-mouth advertising by current employees and through a city-sponsored job pool consisting of qualified applicants who completed preliminary testing. This preliminary testing is offered to community citizens who have undertaken the state-mandated fire training and are seeking a position within the unit. Validation of these credentials is part of the selection process by making contact with references or other certification grantors in this field of study. In this department, the recruitment process is extensive and involves screening of high volumes of candidates simply to select a single employee from the candidate pool. In order to achieve promotion within the unit, especially to an administrative level, several tests must be completed which test abilities in spatial relations, management and leadership, clerical abilities, and other necessary job functions. Steve offered that these tests come from both the state level and from years of alterations which were built from benchmarking best practices of other firehouses across the country. This department is a regular subscriber to several magazines which describe internal organizational activities in modern fire departments and use some of the tips and suggestions to change testing procedures or structures. In order to achieve promotion, success in areas of physical fitness must be proven. These tests are developed for preliminary job screening and selection as well as to ensure that weight and health are congruent with department or governmental expectations. Physical fitness is a large part of the weekly job responsibilities of the department workers

The differences between National Income and Gross National Happiness Essay

The differences between National Income and Gross National Happiness - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Gross Domestic Product is a measure of the level of income yielded by an economy over a stipulated period – generally, this time period varies between one quarter and a complete year depending upon the end period when data is published by the authoritative body. It is actually an estimation of the size of the market underlying the economy on the basis of goods and services sold in it through the specific time span. This is essentially a flow measure that takes into account only productive activities through measures are adopted to avoid double counting; transfer of financial assets between hands is ignored while estimating the same. In other words, only those goods and services produced or sold legibly in the domestic market are included in the GDP measure of an economy. Nevertheless, these productive measures also include activities which ultimately might contribute to the devastation of mankind and almost every form of life on earth. For instance, expenditures incurred as parts of security and safety measures such as those for defense or for scientific research which might create pollution, positively influence economic development of a nation. On the other hand, volunteering tasks that people engage themselves during periods of exigencies are often eliminated from channels towards development primarily because those works are not marketed.... 5-7). Factors leading to environmental degradation are some of the most vital factors which must not be ignored while assessing the quality of human life. One of the most important of such elements is the excessive use of fossil fuels which almost goes hand-in-hand with economic development though such activities could hamper the smooth flow of human life over time. In order to include these factors as a part of index for development, many organisations have suggested the use of complementary indicators which adjust the value of GDP in a nation in terms of environmental and quality of life aspects, which hints towards the significance of Gross National Happiness as a measure of economic development (European Commission, 2010). Two other factors which characterise Gross Domestic Product are that they do not represent the allocation of resources across cross-section. In addition, the components underlying GDP do not include most of the factors used by an average individual, which is wh y it cannot be regarded as a measure of social welfare (Naess & Rothenberg, 1990, p. 112). In fact, a rise in income need not reflect a betterment in the standard of living as had been empirically found in many researches. An eminent one out of them considers the time-series of happiness in relation to an enhancement in the economic growth rates in Japan when it was recuperating from the shocks of World War II. Between 1958 and 1987, real per capita income of Japan was raised five times that was reflected through an increased production of consumer durable goods, though no considerable change in the average level of subjective well-being in the nation (Easterlin, 1994, p. 38-40). Gross National

Letter to the editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Letter to the editor - Essay Example Does dieting cause weight loss?No, dieting does not cause weight loss, on the contrary it is the main contributor of obesity among many people. The reason as to why dieting results to weight gain instead of weight loss is that by not eating, one is bound to get hungry. Whereas people that are not dieting eat only once, this is not the case for persons on diet. This is because unlike their counterparts not on diet, these people consume little food but on several occasions (Brune). Hence, at the end of the day such people end up consuming more than those who are not on diet. People on diet have the belief that fats cause obesity; hence, they avoid food enriched with fats and opt for carbohydrates. According to Brune, this ends up doing more harm than good to those on diet. Studies show that too much consumption of carbohydrates promotes the increase in blood sugar levels causing high insulin levels. Insulin is directly responsible for increase of fat storage in the body. It is therefore evident that instead of weight loss, dieting plays a major role in weight gain. Although many researchers claim dieting does more harm than good to one’s body, not everyone is in agreement with this claim. This is because some researchers claim that dieting indeed causes weight loss. For instance, according to Yuhnke (2), there are certain types of food that if consumed could result to cutting of calories. According to Yuhnke, some of the foods that one ought to consume while on diet include Egg-Tofu, Sandwich pepper and Sardines pepper. Dieting is the process where one restrains from the normal consumption of food in a move to reduce his or her weight. Although many people have the perception that dieting results to weight loss, it is not the case. This is because studies show that dieting makes one fat instead of slim. The reason why dieting promotes weight gain is because it triggers body hormones hence making them behave as if they are starving and are

Influence of Television on Young Children Assignment - 6

Influence of Television on Young Children - Assignment Example Almost every household in the U.K and many other countries in the world have a television set. The television serves to entertain, inform and educate the audience depending on the program that is being watched. It is quite evident that young children are never left behind when it comes to watching television. Experts note that children should be allowed to watch TV judiciously and moderately if they have to benefit from it and are quick to warn that young children can be negatively influenced by the content they watch on TV.  In as much as television may have positive influences on young children, it is greatly associated with several ills.   For one, studies have shown that when children watch violent programs on TV, they tend to emulate the violent â€Å"heroes† that they see and act violently toward their peers, animals, and even older people.   For example, when they watch Steven Seagal acting in The Glimmer Man, young children believe the actor is a hero and may act like they see him do against their peers.   Furthermore, children may adopt risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking as a consequence of what they see on television according to kidshealth.org. Other negative influences of TV on children include reinforcing racial and gender-role stereotypes.   In conclusion, Television may have good or bad influences on young children depending on how much and what they watch.      

Oligopoly and monopoly Essay Example for Free

Oligopoly and monopoly Essay An oligopoly is an intermediate market structure between the extremes of perfect competition and monopoly. Oligopoly firms might compete (noncooperative oligopoly) or cooperate (cooperative oligopoly) in the marketplace. Whereas firms in an oligopoly are price makers, their control over the price is determined by the level of coordination among them. The distinguishing characteristic of an oligopoly is that there are a few mutually interdependent firms that produce either identical products (homogeneous oligopoly) or heterogeneous products (differentiated oligopoly). Mutual interdependence means that firms realize the effects of their actions on rivals and the reactions such actions are likely to elicit. For instance, a mutually interdependent firm realizes that its price drops are more likely to be matched by rivals than its price increases. This implies that an oligopolist, especially in the case of a homogeneous oligopoly, will try to maintain current prices, since price changes in either direction can be harmful, or at least nonbeneficial. Consequently, there is a kink in the demand curve because there are asymmetric responses to a firms price increases and to its price decreases; that is, rivals match price falls but not price increases. This leads to sticky prices, such that prices in an oligopoly turn out to be more stable than those in monopoly or in competition; that is, they do not change every time costs change. On the flip side, the sticky-price explanation (formally, the kinked demand model of oligopoly) has the significant drawback of not doing a very good job of explaining how the initial price, which eventually turns out to be sticky, is arrived at. Airline markets and automobile markets are prime examples of oligopolies. We see that as the new auto model year gets under way in the fall, one car manufacturers reduced financing rates are quickly matched by the other firms because of recognized mutual interdependence. Airlines also match rivals fares on competing routes. In oligopolies, entry of new firms is difficult because of entry barriers. These entry barriers may be structural (natural), such as economies of scale, or artificial, such as limited licenses issued by government. Firms in an oligopoly, known as oligopolists, choose prices and output to maximize profits. However, firms could compete along other dimensions as well, such as advertising, location, research and development (RD) and so forth. For instance, a firms research or advertising strategies are influenced by what its rivals are doing. When one restaurant advertises that it will accept rivals coupons, others are compelled to follow suit. The rivals responses in an oligopoly can be modeled in the form of reaction functions. Sophisticated firms anticipating rivals behavior might appear to act in concert (conscious parallelism) without any explicit agreement to do so. Such instances pose problems for antitrust regulators. Mutually interdependent firms have a tendency to form cartels, enabling them to coordinate price and quantity actions to increase profits. Besides facing legal obstacles, cartels are difficult to sustain because of free-rider problems. Shared monopolies are extreme cases of cartels that include all the firms in the industry. Given that mutual interdependence can exist along many dimensions, there is no single model of oligopoly. Rather, there are numerous models based on different behavior, ranging from the naive Cournot models to more sophisticated models of game theory. An equilibrium concept that incorporates mutual interdependence was proposed by John Nash and is referred to as Nash equilibrium. In a Nash equilibrium, firms decisions (i. e. , price-quantity choices) are their best responses, given what their rivals are doing. For example, McDonalds charges $2. 99 for a Value Meal based on what Burger King and Wendys are charging for a similar menu item. McDonalds would reconsider its pricing if its rivals were to change their prices. The level of information that firms have has a major influence on their behavior in an oligopoly. For instance, when mutually interdependent firms have asymmetric information and are unable to make credible commitments regarding their behavior, a prisoners dilemma type of situation arises where the Nash equilibrium might include choices that are suboptimal. For instance, individual firms in a cartel have an incentive to cheat on the previously agreed-upon price-output levels. Since cartel members have nonbinding commitments on limiting production levels and maintaining prices, this results in widespread cheating, which in turn leads to an eventual breakdown of the cartel. Therefore, while all firms in the cartel could benefit by cooperating, lack of credible commitments results in cheating being a Nash equilibrium strategy—a strategy that is suboptimal from the individual firms standpoint. Models of oligopoly could be static or dynamic depending upon whether firms take intertemporal decisions into account. Significant models of oligopoly include Cournot, Bertrand, and Stackelberg. Cournot oligopoly is the simplest model of oligopoly in that firms are assumed to be naive when they think that their actions will not generate any reaction from the rivals. In other words, according to the Cournot model, rival firms choose not to alter their production levels when one firm chooses a different output level. Cournot thus focuses on quantity competition rather than price competition. While the naive behavior suggested by Cournot might seem plausible in a static setting, it is hard to image real-world firms not learning from their mistakes over time. The Bertrand models significant difference from the Cournot model is that it assumes that firms choose (set) prices rather than quantities. The Stackelberg model deals with the scenario in which there is a leader firm in the market whose actions are imitated by a number of follower firms. The leader is sophisticated in terms of taking into account rivals reactions, while the followers are naive, as in the Cournot model. The leader might emerge in a market because of a number of factors, such as historical precedence, size, reputation, innovation, information, and so forth. Examples of Stackelberg leadership include markets where one dominant firm dictates the terms, usually through price leadership. Under price leadership, the leader firms pricing decisions are consistently followed by rival firms. Since oligopolies come in various forms, the performance of such markets also varies a great deal. In general, the oligopoly price is below the monopoly price but above the competitive price. The oligopoly output, in turn, is larger than that of a monopolist but falls short of what a competitive market would supply. Some oligopoly markets are competitive, leading to few welfare distortions, while other oligopolies are monopolistic, resulting in dead weight losses. Furthermore, some oligopolies are more innovative than others. Whereas the price-quantity rankings of oligopoly vis-a-vis other markets are relatively well established, how oligopoly fares with regard to R and D and advertising is less clear.